Blood collection tubes play a pivotal role in clinical diagnostics, ensuring accurate test results by preserving blood samples in optimal conditions. These tubes come in a variety of types, each designed for specific tests and containing unique additives to prevent contamination or degradation of the sample. Here’s a breakdown of commonly used blood collection tubes and their purposes:
Red-Top Tubes (Serum Tubes)
Red-top tubes, also known as serum tubes, contain no additives or clot activators. They are primarily used for collecting serum for chemistry tests such as liver function panels, lipid profiles, and hormone assays. Blood clots naturally in these tubes, and centrifugation separates the serum from cells.
Lavender-Top Tubes (EDTA Tubes)
Lavender-top tubes contain EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), an anticoagulant that preserves blood cells’ morphology. These are used for hematological tests like complete blood counts (CBCs), blood smears, and hemoglobin analysis.
Blue-Top Tubes (Citrate Tubes)
Blue-top tubes include sodium citrate, another anticoagulant that binds calcium. They are widely used for coagulation studies, including prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) tests. Proper filling is crucial for accurate results.
Green-Top Tubes (Heparin Tubes)
Green-top tubes use heparin as an anticoagulant to inhibit clot formation without affecting certain biochemical parameters. These are ideal for plasma-based tests such as arterial blood gas analysis, ammonia levels, and electrolytes.
Gray-Top Tubes (Fluoride Tubes)
Gray-top tubes contain sodium fluoride, a glycolysis inhibitor, and potassium oxalate as an anticoagulant. They are used for glucose testing and lactate measurements to ensure stable blood sugar levels in the sample.
Gold- or Tiger-Top Tubes (SST Tubes)
Gold- or tiger-top tubes, also called serum separator tubes (SST), have clot activators and gel to separate serum from cells. They are used in routine chemistry tests and immunology assays.
Black-Top Tubes (ESR Tubes)
Black-top tubes contain sodium citrate for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) tests, which assess inflammation markers.
Conclusion
Proper selection of blood collection tubes ensures the integrity of samples and the reliability of test results. Each tube type addresses specific testing requirements, making them indispensable in modern medicine. Understanding their uses helps streamline diagnostics and improves patient outcomes.
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